Tree rings also hold records of earthquakes. Near Seattle, the Lab used trees killed in a landslide and fallen logs discovered in a nearby lake to confirm that a mega earthquake shook the Pacific Northwest in 1699-1700 and generated a tsunami, likely the “orphan tsunami” that reached Japan in 1700. Photo courtesy of Gordon Jacoby
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COP31, the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference, aims to advance dialogue, strengthen consensus, and accelerate climate action on a global scale. From November 9–20, 2026 in Antalya, Türkiye, heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society will gather to advance efforts in emission targets, climate finance, and adaptation and resilience. Once again, our experts, students, and global thought leaders from Columbia Climate School and across Columbia University are contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More