Tree rings reveal patterns that can impact modern economies. In Mongolia, Nicole Davi’s team reconstructed 1,000 years of temperature changes, providing insight into recent warming and past volcanic activity. Ph.D. student Mukund Palat Rao and others studied the recent impact of dry summers and exceptionally cold winters on livestock survival. Photo by Gordon Jacoby
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COP31, the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference, aims to advance dialogue, strengthen consensus, and accelerate climate action on a global scale. From November 9–20, 2026 in Antalya, Türkiye, heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society will gather to advance efforts in emission targets, climate finance, and adaptation and resilience. Once again, our experts, students, and global thought leaders from Columbia Climate School and across Columbia University are contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More