State of the Planet

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Polar Ice, Penguin Tracks and Phytoplankton

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Jamie Collins, a research colleague of Jeff Bowman, measures ice thickness outside Palmer Station in Antarctica. The ice was about 70 cm thick. Photo: Jeff Bowman
Jamie Collins, a research colleague of Jeff Bowman, measures ice thickness outside Palmer Station in Antarctica. The ice was about 70 cm thick. Photo: Jeff Bowman

At the base of the polar food chain in the icy waters off Antarctica, phytoplankton are an essential food source for young krill, which in turn sustain many species of marine wildlife. Jeff Bowman, a postdoctoral research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, is in Antarctica for the field season studying how phytoplankton and bacteria interact, particularly their cooperative interactions. Toxic compounds produced by phytoplankton, for example, may be cleaned up by bacterial partners, allowing photosynthesis to proceed more efficiently, ultimately meaning more food in the food web.

You can follow Bowman’s reports from Palmer Station, Antarctica, with great photos of the work, the changeable weather, penguin tracks and pack ice on his research blog, Polar Microbes.

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Collage of Turkiye beach scene and Columbia University Campus with text: UN Climate Change Conference COP31, Antalya, Turkiye, Nov 9-20, 2026

COP31, the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference, aims to advance dialogue, strengthen consensus, and accelerate climate action on a global scale. From November 9–20, 2026 in Antalya, Türkiye, heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society will gather to advance efforts in emission targets, climate finance, and adaptation and resilience. Once again, our experts, students, and global thought leaders from Columbia Climate School and across Columbia University are contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More

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