decentralized energy
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Infrastructure and the Transition to Environmental Sustainability
For over a century, as America’s private economy developed, government played a role in investing in collective goods that would not have attracted private investment on terms that would have served the public interest. This role must continue to complete the transition to an environmentally sustainable economy.
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Energy Modernization as Climate Policy
Energy modernization is the goal, greenhouse gas reduction is a much-needed byproduct.

COP31, the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference, aims to advance dialogue, strengthen consensus, and accelerate climate action on a global scale. From November 9–20, 2026 in Antalya, Türkiye, heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society will gather to advance efforts in emission targets, climate finance, and adaptation and resilience. Once again, our experts, students, and global thought leaders from Columbia Climate School and across Columbia University are contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More
