glaciers and warfare
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An Interview With Wesley Morgan on Warfare in the Hindu Kush of Afghanistan
The author of a recent book explains how the mountainous terrain and complex linguistic landscape limited U.S. military operations in the Pech Valley.
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In India-Pakistan Standoff, Siachen Glacier Is No Passive Bystander
A recent study shows how on Siachen Glacier, the impacts of high-altitude warfare are two-way. As India and Pakistan’s armies have harmed the glacier, Siachen’s brutal conditions have also constrained military operations.
During COP30—the 2025 UN Climate Change Conference taking place November 10–21 in Belém, Brazil—experts from Columbia Climate School and Columbia University will be contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More
