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In the Ice

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Some examples of the sea ice that we have encountered so far. Top left: bands of grease ice, Top right: small pancake ice merged together; bottom left: larger pancake ice; bottom right: The Nathaniel B. Palmer steaming through dense sea ice cover.
Some examples of the sea ice that we have encountered so far. Top left: bands of grease ice. Top right: small pancake ice merged together. Bottom left: larger pancake ice; bottom right: our ship, the Nathaniel B. Palmer, steaming through dense sea ice cover.

Several days ago we reached our main work areas along the margin of East Antarctica. Our expedition is relatively late in the season and the seas around Antarctica are starting to freeze. While the abundance of sea ice makes it more difficult to get to all of our research areas, the different shapes and forms of newly forming sea ice are a great visual experience. We also have a group of Australian scientists aboard the Palmer who are studying sea ice and sea ice formation using an unmanned aerial system or drone, so they are especially pleased by our icy experience.

Follow @FrankatSea for additional updates and images from the Southern Ocean.

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Collage of Turkiye beach scene and Columbia University Campus with text: UN Climate Change Conference COP31, Antalya, Turkiye, Nov 9-20, 2026

COP31, the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference, aims to advance dialogue, strengthen consensus, and accelerate climate action on a global scale. From November 9–20, 2026 in Antalya, Türkiye, heads of state, ministers, scientists, business leaders, and civil society will gather to advance efforts in emission targets, climate finance, and adaptation and resilience. Once again, our experts, students, and global thought leaders from Columbia Climate School and across Columbia University are contributing to key events, sharing insights, and helping shape the dialogue toward ambitious, science-based solutions. Learn More

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